12月8日，演员李现在个人社交账号发布一组中国澳门扫街照（“扫街”指“拿着相机到任意的某条街上去抓拍”），并分享小插曲：被路人警告照片给我删了，不然报警！原来澳门是不能“玛格南”式拍照的……
Actor Li Xian was warned by a passerby to delete a photo or face a police report while taking street snapshots in Macao Special Administrative Region on Monday, drawing attention to the city's strict regulations on photographing individuals in public.
Li shared the incident on his personal social media account, expressing surprise that street photography in Macao apparently cannot follow the free-style approach associated with "Magnum photography".
有澳门网友在评论区“科普”称，澳门有相关法律保护个人隐私，所以大家不太习惯在路上被拍。也有不少网友称，被李现科普到，涨知识了。
In the comment section, some Macao netizens explained that strict privacy laws make residents unaccustomed to being photographed in public, while many others said they had learned something new from Li's post.
在澳门拍照并公开发布须注意什么？
记者查询发现，据公开信息，澳门法律交流协进会常务副会长、律师卢绮岚表示，照片只有当事人自己是没问题的，如果还包括其他人（即使是朋友），根据澳门现行法律规定，除非属法律容许的情况，就必须征得他们的同意，否则拍摄他人或公开相关照片的人有可能要负上民事法律责任，甚或走上犯罪的道路。这是因为每个人都有肖像权。
According to lawyer Lou I Lam, photos containing only the photographer are generally not an issue. However, if other people appear — even friends — their consent is required before shooting or publishing the images, unless a legal exception applies. Otherwise, the photographer may face civil or even criminal liability, as portrait rights are strongly protected under Macao law.
具体来说，肖像权是人格尊严的一种，构成基本权利的最高价值，所以肖像权是受到法律所保护的重要法益之一。在一般情况下，如有意图或目的地对他人的肖像进行展示、摄取、复制、散布或作交易之用，应先取得肖像人同意。
卢绮岚称，除非基于肖像人的知名度或担任的职务，或基于安全或司法方面的要求，或为学术、教学或文化之目的而有合理理由者，又或该肖像是在公众地方、与公共利益有关的事实或公开进行的事实当中所摄得的影像的一部分，则无需取得肖像人的同意。
Lou added that portrait rights are closely tied to personal dignity, meaning consent is generally required to use someone's image. Exceptions include cases involving public figures or official duties, safety or judicial needs, justified academic or cultural use, or situations where a person appears only incidentally in a public-interest scene in a public place.
“玛格南式摄影”是什么？
据悉，“玛格南式摄影”通常指由玛格南图片社（Magnum Photos）摄影师所代表的摄影风格和理念，强调在街头纪实中捕捉真实、深刻的社会瞬间。
"Magnum photography" refers to the documentary approach pioneered by Magnum Photos, which emphasizes capturing authentic and socially meaningful moments in everyday life.
“玛格南式摄影”作品《乡村医生》，1948年，史密斯摄 图源：《世界摄影史》
1947年，玛格南图片社在纽约成立，旨在尝试两方面的探索：一是摄影家自由选择题材加以报道，摆脱杂志社与出版社的各种约束，为自己创造一个良好的采访环境；二是摄影家自主管理自己的底片，拥有照片的著作权，并自主经营图片社，自主决定图片社的发展方向。这种摄影家自我经纪的形式是一个具有理想色彩的新尝试，而“玛格南摄影”至今仍是摄影家自主掌握命运的一个象征。
Founded in New York in 1947, Magnum Photos emerged amid major shifts in postwar photojournalism and was guided by two key principles: giving photographers full freedom to choose their subjects and retaining ownership of their negatives and copyrights. This approach became emblematic of creative autonomy and the documentary ethos now associated with "Magnum photography".
来源：南方都市报 《世界摄影史》
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